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Constant factor rule in integration
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Constant factor rule in integration : ウィキペディア英語版
Constant factor rule in integration

The constant factor rule in integration is a dual of the constant factor rule in differentiation, and is a consequence of the linearity of integration. It states that a constant factor within an integrand can be separated from the integrand and instead multiplied by the integral. For example, where k is a constant:
\int k \frac dx = k \int \frac dx. \quad
== Proof ==
Start by noticing that, from the definition of integration as the inverse process of differentiation:
:y = \int \frac dx.
Now multiply both sides by a constant ''k''. Since ''k'' is a constant it is not dependent on ''x'':
:ky = k \int \frac dx. \quad \mbox
Take the constant factor rule in differentiation:
:\frac = k \frac.
Integrate with respect to ''x'':
:ky = \int k \frac dx. \quad \mbox
Now from (1) and (2) we have:
:ky = k \int \frac dx
:ky = \int k \frac dx.
Therefore:
:\int k \frac dx = k \int \frac dx. \quad \mbox
Now make a new differentiable function:
:u = \frac.
Substitute in (3):
:\int ku dx = k \int u dx.
Now we can re-substitute ''y'' for something different from what it was originally:
:y = u. \,
So:
:\int ky dx = k \int y dx.
This is the constant factor rule in integration.
A special case of this, with ''k''=-1, yields:
:\int -y dx = -\int y dx.


抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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